Glossary
There are currently 50 names in this directory beginning with the letter E.
EASE-OF-CARE
A term used to characterize fabrics that, after laundering, can be restored to their original appearance with a minimum of ironing or other treatment. An ease-of-care fabric generally wrinkles only slightly upon laundering. (Also see DURABLE PRESS See WASH-AND-WEAR EASY-CARE
EDGE CRIMPING METHOD
In this method of texturing, thermoplastic yarns in a heated and stretched condition are drawn over a crimping edge and cooled. Edge-crimping machines are used to make Agilon yarns. (Also see TEXTURED YARNS, COIL YARN)
Also see EDGE CRIMPING
ELASTIC LIMIT
In strength and stretch testing, the load below which the specimen shows elasticity and above which it shows permanent deformation. (Also see YIELDPOINT.)
ELASTIC RECOVERY
The degree to which fibers, yarn, or cord returns to its original size and shape after deformation from stress.
Also see RECOVERY
ELASTICITY
The ability of a strained material to recover its original size and shape immediately after removal of the stress that causes deformation.
ELASTICIZED FABRIC
A fabric that contains elastic threads. Such fabrics are used for girdles, garters, and similar items.
ELASTOMERS
Synthetic polymers having properties of natural rubber such as high stretch-ability and recovery.
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
1. A measure of the ease of transporting electric charge from one point to another in an electric field. 2. The reciprocal of resistivity.
ELECTRICAL FINISH
A finish designed to increase or maintain electrical resistivity of a textile material.
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
The resistance of longitudinal electrical flow through a uniform rod of unit length and unit cross-sectional area.
ELMENDORF TEAR TESTER
A tester designer to determine the tearing strength of paper. It is also used to measure the tearing strength of very lightweight fabrics and resin-finished apparel fabrics. A trapezoidal fabric sample is employed.
Also see TRAPEZOID TEAR TESTER
ELONGATION
The deformation in the direction of load caused by a tensile force. Elongation is measured in units of length (e.g., millimeters, inches) or calculated as a percentage of the original specimen length. Elongation may be measured at any specified load or at the breaking load.
See TENSILE STRAIN
Also see EXTANSIBILITY
EMBOSSING
A calendering process for producing raised or projected figures or designs in relief on fabric surfaces. Embossed surfaces are usually produced on fabrics by engraved, heated rollers that give a raised effect. Embossed velvet or plush is made by shearing the pile to different levels or by pressing part of the pile flat.
EMBROIDERY
Ornamental designs worked on a fabric with threads. Embroidery may be done either by hand or by machine.
EMULSION
A suspension of finely divided liquid droplets in a second liquid, i.e., oil in water or vice versa.
EMULSION POLYMERIZATION
A three-phase reaction system consisting of monomer, an aqueous phase containing the initiator, and colloidal particles of polymer. Polymerization takes place in the colloidal phase. The process enables the production of very high molecular weights at increased polymerization rates. Only applicable to addition polymers.
EMULSION SPINNING
The process of spinning synthetic polymers in dispersion form, then heating to coalesce the dispersed particles. Normally a matrix polymer provides support until coalescence is completed.
END
1. An individual warp yarn. A warp is composed of a number of ends. 2. An individual sliver, slubbing, roving, yarn, thread, or cord. 3. A short length or remnant of fabric.
END OUT
A void caused by a missing warp yarn. See MISSING END
Also see BROKEN END
Also see THREAD OUT
Also see RUNNER
ENTANGLED YARN
A textured yarn of one variant that develops bulk by the air-jet texturing method. See TEXTURED YARN
Also see AIR JET METHOD
ENTANGLING
1. A method of forming a fabric by wrapping and knotting fibers in a web about each other, by mechanical means, or by the use of jets of pressurized water, so as to bond the fibers.
See HYDROENTANGLING
Also see SPUNLACED FABRIC
Also see INTERMINGLING
ENTERING
The process of threading each warp yarn on a loom beam through a separate drop wire, heddle, and reed space in preparation for weaving. This process may be done by hand or by a semiautomatic machine.
EPITROPIC FIBERS
Fibers with an altered surface property, e.g., electrically conducting,abrasive, etc.
EPOXY RESIN
In textiles, a compound used in durable-press applications for white fabrics. It provides chlorine resistance but causes loss of tensile strength.
ESTERIFICATION
The chemical process of combining an acid and an alcohol to form anester. Cellulose acetate is an ester formed by the reaction of acetic acid and the hydroxyl groups of cellulose. Polyethylene terephthalate, the most common fiber-forming polyester, is a product of esterification of teraphthalic acid with ethylene glycol.
ETHYLENE GLYCOL
A viscous, sweet, colorless liquid, (CH2OHCH2OH). Principal uses are as an intermediate in the manufacture of polyester fibers and as automobile antifreeze.
EVENNESS TESTING
Determination of the variation in weight per unit length and thickness of yarns or fibers aggregates such as roving, sliver, or top.
EXCESSIVE CLEARER WASTE
A higher than normal amount of short and regular fibers that become attached to the drafting rolls and are transferred to the clearer brushes to accumulate in abnormal amounts until they are removed manually.
EXHAUSTION
During wet processing, the ratio at any time between the amount of dye or substance taken up by the substrate and the amount originally available.
EXTENSIBILITY
Ability of a materiel to undergo elongation on the application of force.
See ELONGATION
EXTRACTABLES
The material that can be removed from textiles by means of a solvent (in many cases, water).
EXTRUDER
1. Generally a machine in which molten or semi-soft materials are forced under pressure through a die to form continuous tubes, sheets, or fibers. It may consist of a barrel, heating elements, a screw, ram or plunger, and a die through which the material is pushed to give it shape. 2. In fiber manufacture the machine that feeds molten polymer to an extrusion manifold or that first melts the polymer in a uniform manner then feeds it to a manifold and associated equipment for extrusion.
See SCREW MELTER